Governor Perry of Texas has burst onto the political scene as he attempts to become the Republican nominee for President. One issue that has so far been kept below the surface is the execution of Cameron Todd Willingham.
His story is now the subject of a lengthy 2009 New Yorker article and a Frontline episode this year has been reviewed now for some time by the Texas Forensic Science Commission.
At issue was the fact that Mr. Willingham’s conviction was based on forensic techniques, determining that the fire was arson-related, that are now considered scientifically invalid and inconsistent with current accepted scientific standards of the National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA).
Without arson, there was no murder in his case, and thus the possibility is raised that an innocent man was convicted and executed.
It was the work of Dr. Gerald Hurst, an Austin scientist and fire investigator, who reviewed the case and concluded that there was no evidence of arson, a conclusion that had been reached by a number of other fire investigators.
How does this impact Governor Perry? The information of Mr. Willingham’s possible innocence had reached him before Mr. Willingham was executed by lethal injection on February 17, 2004 at the age of 36.
In September 2009, an article appearing in the Austin Statesman was entitled, “Perry’s denial of stay could become campaign issue.”
In a commentary by Gardner Selby, he wrote, “Outside experts who later looked over evidence fueling the verdict concluded that the fire was accidental – not arson.”
Mr. Selby continued, “The first one, Dr. Gerald Hurst of Austin, hurriedly wrote a report faxed to Perry’s office hours before Willingham was killed stating that most conclusions by the initial investigators ‘would be considered invalid in light of current knowledge.’ “
Mr. Hurst told Mr. Selby that he wished he had been more direct.
“The whole case was based on the purest form of junk science,” Hurst said. “There was no item of evidence that indicated arson.”
Wrote Mr. Selby, “As far as I can tell, no one has divined precisely what Perry reviewed before denying Willingham’s requested 30-day stay of execution.”
Governor Perry’s spokeswoman, Katherine Cesinger, told reporters that the Governor had weighed the “totality of the issues that led to (Willingham’s) conviction.” She said he was aware of a “claim of a reinterpretation of (the) arson testimony.”
Governor Perry was also quoted as saying that Mr. Willingham was a wife beater.
However, a stay of execution is a judgment call. Whether we can fault Governor Perry is probably more a matter of subjective opinion. However, the crime is never what gets people in politics, it is the cover-up, and that is where we should be more concerned.
In June of 2009, the State of Texas took a very unusual step – they re-examined the case through the Forensic Science Commission.
Dr. Craig Beyler was hired by the Texas Forensic Science Commission to review the case.
According to a 2009 investigative report by the Chicago Tribune, Dr. Beyler found “that investigators failed to examine all of the electrical outlets and appliances in the Willinghams’ house in the small Texas town of Corsicana, did not consider other potential causes for the fire, came to conclusions that contradicted witnesses at the scene, and wrongly concluded Willingham’s injuries could not have been caused as he said they were.”
Moreover, the state’s fire marshal, Beyler concluded in his report, had “limited understanding” of fire science. The fire marshal “seems to be wholly without any realistic understanding of fires and how fire injuries are created,” he wrote.
The marshal’s findings, he added, “are nothing more than a collection of personal beliefs that have nothing to do with science-based fire investigation.”
Wrote the Tribune, “Over the past five years, the Willingham case has been reviewed by nine of the nation’s top fire scientists — first for the Tribune, then for the Innocence Project, and now for the commission. All concluded that the original investigators relied on outdated theories and folklore to justify the determination of arson.”
Importantly, “The only other evidence of significance against Willingham was another inmate who testified that Willingham had confessed to him. Jailhouse snitches are viewed with skepticism in the justice system, so much so that some jurisdictions have restrictions against their use.”
This is where Governor Perry comes into play again. Two days before the Texas Forensic Science Commission was scheduled to meet to discuss the report, in October 2009, the Governor replaced the chair and two other members of the commission.
The meeting was canceled and accusations flew that Governor Perry was attempting to interfere with the investigation and use it for his own political advantage.
Governor Perry, in a report from CNN, denied these allegations, telling reporters in Austin, “I think people are making a lot of this issue.”
He said the replacement of commission Chairman Sam Bassett and commissioners Alan Levy and Aliece Watts, whose terms had expired, was “pretty normal protocol.”
“If you’ve got a whole new investigation going forward, it makes a lot more sense to put the new people in now and let them start the full process, rather than bring people in there for a short period of time and then replace them,” he said. “I think it makes a whole lot more sense to make a change now than to make a change later.”
Now, nearly two years later, the issue continues.
The State’s Attorney General has stepped in to limit the power of the commission to investigate evidence in cases prior to September 2005, in specific cases. The commission had wanted to review the fire marshal’s office to see if there were other people who may have been wrongly convicted, based on the now-discredited arson science.
“This is yet another stunning example of politics preventing the commission from carrying out the responsibilities that led the Legislature to create the commission in the first place,” Barry Scheck, the co-founder of the Innocence Project said in a Houston Chronicle op-ed two weeks ago.
He said that his goal, and the goal of the Texas commission, is to make sure that the forensic science used in court rooms is based on actual science.
Mr. Scheck called for an investigation of Fire Marshal Paul Maldonado’s actions during the investigation.
“On at least two instances over the past year – once through a letter submitted to the commission and again through the testimony of his attorney – Maldonado has defended the original investigation of the Willingham case, claiming that the investigation was based on sound science even though this has been disputed by many of the nation’s most respected arson scientists and is in clear violation of accepted standards of the NFPA, the nation’s foremost authority on fire investigation science,” Mr. Scheck said.
Mr. Scheck sees this as political, and is not surprised.
“The attorney general and Maldonado are protecting themselves and shielding Gov. Rick Perry from potential criticism and political backlash stemming from the fact that a man was allowed to be executed even though his conviction was based on flawed and outdated science and that this fact had been explained to them at the time by one of the nation’s leading experts in fire science,” he said.
The bottom line is that Governor Perry should be asked by the national media to answer not only for his decision not to examine the Willingham execution more carefully in light of new evidence, but for his apparent efforts to cover up and thwart further investigation.
Presidential politics will make this tricky, but the Obama Administration might want the Attorney General to begin investigating this cover-up, or if the politics get too hot for that, bring on an independent investigator who will have support from across the aisle for a thorough investigation.
The sooner this happens, the better, because as Governor Perry’s presidential campaign proceeds, it will become more difficult to get an accurate answer.
—David M. Greenwald reporting
Love the photo ;-). Why not add froth around the lower lip and chin ? Yellow journalism aside, of course no facts can jar the doctrinaire from their position on this issue . Perry is gambling that he can bankroll the fear manufactured by W. Bush and the latter-day chicken hawks into a presidency and ” tough on crime ” has always been a winning slogan for the religious reich . The smart move for the Obama campaign media hacks would be to keep the story in the news, feed any new information or rumors to the press and let everyone, but the president comment on it .As an unrepentant FDR New Deal liberal, I’m pulling for Michelle Bachmann and her dancing husband to sweep the GOP off their fewer and fewer feet.
Biddlin…..try reading the latest polls. It’s not looking too good for your failure of a president.
rusty49- I just looked at gallup, which has Romney ahead by a couple of points and Obama ahead of everyone else by a couple, but at this point polls mean bupkis ! Just ask Al Gore and John Kerry !
Guys please don’t turn this into a presidential election discussion. This is about a very serious matter that is about to get blown under in presidential politics.
Biddlin….how soon you forget the last election. America has pretty much had it with Democrats and rightly so.
Rusty: Again, the topic of this article is not the presidential election or Obama.
“Presidential politics will make this tricky, but the Obama Administration might want the Attorney General to begin investigating this cover-up, or if the politics get too hot for that, bring on an independent investigator who will have support from across the aisle for a thorough investigation.”
Yeah, right David. Why are you running this piece now then? Who are you kidding? It’s all about the election.
Sorry David, but it’s “no news” that Texas republicans execute the innocent and mentally retarded and politicians try to cover-up all indiscretions !
Rusty: I ran the story because the Governor is trying to cover up for the fact that he had information that he executed an innocent man.
How about if we figure you’ve gotten in your shots about the presidential election, and focus the conversation now on this particular death penalty case?
To dmg: YOU MADE THIS ARTICLE ABOUT THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS, to wit:
[quote]Presidential politics will make this tricky, but the Obama Administration might want the Attorney General to begin investigating this cover-up, or if the politics get too hot for that, bring on an independent investigator who will have support from across the aisle for a thorough investigation.
The sooner this happens, the better, because as Governor Perry’s presidential campaign proceeds, it will become more difficult to get an accurate answer.[/quote]
I would also note there is a huge amount of supposition and innuendo in this article, but not much in the way of substance. For instance:
[quote]Without arson, there was no murder in his case, and thus the possibility is raised that an innocent man was convicted and executed.[/quote]
Anything is possible…
Elaine: That quote doesn’t make it about presidential elections, it acknowledges the difficulty in getting to the truth at this time. To ignore that is to ignore reality. But that quote itself demonstrates this really was not about presidential elections and more about trying to get to the truth here and also get the findings that an innocent man was executed.
“I would also note there is a huge amount of supposition and innuendo in this article, but not much in the way of substance. For instance:
Without arson, there was no murder in his case, and thus the possibility is raised that an innocent man was convicted and executed.
Anything is possible…”
Actually there is extensive research which I put into links to keep this from being a 50,000 word article. I merely summarized the findings to keep the article cleaner.
From onviolence.com:
[quote]The police then looked into Todd Willingham’s background. As a teen, he used drugs. Later, he had multiple run ins with the law for domestic violence. Worse, prosecutors found out he had a history of satanism, which explained the pentagram pattern of burn marks. At the trial, a psychiatrist, Dr. James Grigson, testified Willingham was a severe sociopath. On top of all that came the most damning fact: Willingham was virtually unharmed by the fire that incinerated his children, and witnesses testified that he wouldn’t go back into his home to try to rescue his children. To top it off, a fellow inmate received a confession from Todd Willingham right before the trial began.[/quote]
From pbs.org:
[quote]Even Willingham’s own defense attorney, David Martin, still insists his client started the deadly fire. “Of course I thought he was guilty,” Martin says. “The real fact of the matter is that Willingham was guilty. He wasn’t innocent. He really set that fire and killed those kids.”
Through interviews with Willingham’s friends and family, FRONTLINE tells the story of a troubled young man with a history of domestic violence who quickly became the prime suspect in his children’s deaths. The discovery by fire investigators of more than 20 indicators of arson at the scene of the fire pointed directly to Willingham’s guilt.
At the trial, jurors heard evidence that Willingham had confessed to a fellow inmate; that he was a sociopath; and that he had posted satanic images on the walls of his house. “He was an individual with essentially no redeeming value,” former prosecutor John Jackson tells FRONTLINE. “This was his crowning achievement as a psychopath: the murder of his three children.”[/quote]
From variety.com:
[quote]Willingham, an unpleasant fellow with a history of domestic violence, was accused of setting the house fire that killed his kids. But filmmakers Steve Mims and Joe Bailey Jr. gather convincing testimony from forensic experts who insist that, at the time of Willingham’s trial, largely unregulated arson investigators customarily offered semi-educated guesses with scant scientific basis. Since Willingham’s execution, some of those experts have pressed claims that the fatal fire was an accident. Texas Gov. Rick Perry is depicted throughout doc as impeding investigators. But Willingham’s own defense attorney repeatedly asserts that, whatever the reliability of the evidence, a guilty man paid for his crime. “Incendiary” leaves it up to viewers to decide whether justice was served.[/quote]
Most death penalty cases have numerous experts stating that the perpetrator might be innocent or justified or a victim themselves due to upbringing, insanity etc., or that some evidence is tainted, mistaken, flawed etc. Clearly our death penalty system is broken,
That said, David’s attempt to take a cheap shot at Governor Perry and then cut off discussion of presidential politics is a bit transparent. The focus of Democrats now is to turn the discussion to religion and abortion and the age of the earth and anything at all except that we have a cratering economy and a president who is out of his depth.
Elaine: If he didn’t start the fire, none of his background matters because there is no crime there.
“That said, David’s attempt to take a cheap shot at Governor Perry and then cut off discussion of presidential politics is a bit transparent. “
Really? Did he not fire the chair of the commission and replace three members right before their report? Did the AG not attempt to thwart an investigation into the fire marshal’s? I have written a number of articles on this case, from well before Perry was a presidential candidate, I care far more about this case than the presidential election. I fail to understand how discussing Obama’s administration and presidential chances helps us understand what happened with this execution which Governor Perry knew about. If you want to write about those things, then write a community bog or submit it to me, but this was a specific article on a specific topic, not an invitation to talk about the presidential election.
[quote]Elaine: If he didn’t start the fire, none of his background matters because there is no crime there.[/quote]
But that is a big “if” – even his own defense attorney believes he started the fire!
[i]”Perry’s denial of stay could become campaign issue.”[/i]
I doubt it. This is a reverse Willy Horton, and there has never before been political fallout from a governor refusing to stay an execution. The liberal media is trying to make hay out of air. David is doing the same. The only voters that would be turned off by Perry because of this are already turned off by Perry.
By all accounts Willingham was a very nasty human. That will play into voters assessment of the situation.
ERM
It would seem to me that the issue is not whether or not Mr. Willingham was an upstanding , honorable citizen, it is only about whether or not he committed this crime. I have a somewhat different take on his own defense attorney’s comment that he did start the fire. Unless he is asserting that Mr. Willingham confessed this to him directly, what it suggests to me is that, perhaps, being convinced of his client’s guilt, he did not mount as vigorous a defense as might have been warranted.
An additional concern that touches on this case tangentially is an alarming tendency towards discounting scientific evidence throughout our society. I think there is an increasing tendency to assert, because of the ever changing nature of the body of knowledge that is science where new information is constantly being discovered, judged, and weighed against the current body of knowledge, that this somehow discredits science and scientists. examples of this relevant to legal applications would be: attempts to block the introduction of potentially exonerating
DNA evidence, slow acceptance of the known uncertainties of eyewitness accuracy of identification, and slow acceptance of the idea that confessions can be contaminated by ideas and information either deliberately or unknowingly provided by the police.
JB
“That will play into Voter’s assessment of the situation”
I am afraid you are correct in that statement. It shouldn’t. The issue here is not whether or not Willingham was a good guy. It is whether we should expect better behavior from people we are considering for high political office. When the issue is life or death, and new evidence is being presented, I would think that a 30 day stay to allow time for consideration of that evidence would be the mark of a thoughtful executive.
This does not appear to me to be one of Mr. Perry’s strong points. It would seem from many of his statements that he already knows what the truth is, or when in doubt will rely on God to reveal it to him. I find this attitude far more frightening than Willie Horton and Willingham combined.
Slowly but surely once the left is given enough time it will be impossible to convict anybody of anything.
Medwoman: you are already about as un-Perry as they come. As I have pointed out before, left-leaning people are different voters… more prone to defending their ideology and political power than their principles. For example, a conservative voter would tend to give credit to a Democrat governor refusing to stay an execution, but a liberal voter would just as easily try to skewer Perry had he agreed to a stay, and then later Willingham got out and murdered again. Certainly the liberal media would have skewered him.
Republicans and conservative know there is no way to win opinion polls from the left and mainstream media. So, if you are looking for moderates on the right and you are dissapointed none seem to exist, I think you should blame the left and the left media for consistently demonstrating politics over principles.
Hey, hey now you two. Like David and Don said this isn’t about the presidential race, so we can’t talk about that. Tongue firmly implanted in cheek.
What do you think about this particular death penalty case, Jeff?
To be fair, Perry has executed 234 people since he took office . You’re bound to blow a few calls in that many plays .
“But that is a big “if” – even his own defense attorney believes he started the fire! “
Yes his defense attorney from 20 years ago believes he did. He was an appointed defender who apparently did not do a good job on defense from most accounts I have read. He has an interest in believing that.
However, five different experts believe that the cause of the fire was electrical rather than intentionally set and that the investigators misread the scene of the crime and erroneous thought they had found accellerant and erroneously believed that the burn pattern was a satanic symbol. They also thought an Iron Maiden poster meant he was a devil’s worshiper. A lot of problems with the case. The guy wasn’t a saint, he was a domestic abusers, he had drug problems, but the best forensic technology indicates this was not an arson fire.
“but a liberal voter would just as easily try to skewer Perry had he agreed to a stay, and then later Willingham got out and murdered again. “
A stay would not have released him from prison. It would have granted a court more time to review new forensic evidence and determine whether to set aside the verdict and given him another trial.
Don: I don’t know enough about it to comment. It seems there are some questions. But if your motivation on this story is really truly about justice and not anti-Perry politics, you would spend some time commenting on the larger issue of politic risk for governors doing another Willie Horton. There is simply a huge political disincentive to staying an execution. One can also argue that re-trying a case in the court of public opinion undermines judicial protocol. He was tried and convicted in a court of law. Not having been there to experience the trial, I think we are unqualified armchair quarterbacks.
“Slowly but surely once the left is given enough time it will be impossible to convict anybody of anything. “
I don’t understand your point here. In order for it to be murder by arson, it had to be an arson. They made that determination using discredited and unscientific means. Alarmingly a man was executed when there was evidence that he had not started the fire. All the efforts that have occurred since 2009 have to been to try to understand how that could happen. Just what does this have to do with not being able to convict someone – don’t you want people to be determined guilty based on real scientific evidence? I don’t get your statement.
” Not having been there to experience the trial, I think we are unqualified armchair quarterbacks.”
Jeff: in some cases you are possibly correct, but this is not one of them. There is very specific evidence that was used to determine that an arson occurred, five experts using modern techniques and science determined that that investigation was flawed and that the cause of the fire that killed the children was electrical. That’s not an armchair statement, it is verifiable.
Maybe I’m as dumb as many believe, but I think the main ‘facts’ speak more to whether there should be a death penalty, as opposed to the man’s prosecution, conviction, incarceration, and imposition of the death penalty sentence, rather than a politician’s “failure” to act to reverse the prosecution, conviction, and/or the applicability of the death penalty.
If he didn’t do it, he shouldn’t have been convicted.
If he was convicted and incarerated, and he was shown to be innocent, he should have been released.
The fact of the matter is that there was reason to prosecute him, he was convicted, the circumstances were that he was subject to the death penalty, and he was executed. Nobody can do ANYTHING about the latter fact. Whether someone could have changed the final fact, at the eleventh hour, based on information that was not ‘vetted’ to the same degree that the previous proceedings had been, appears to be somewhat irrevelent.
David-Is this the first time you’ve observed the inability or unwillingness of jurors, judges and politicians to accept scientific findings ? Jurors and judges regularly reject scientifically supported evidence in favor of anecdotal testimony . Setting aside the possibility of political expediency, and I don’t, politicians are as facile as the general population, and science is hard !
JB
Interesting that you should try to bring this down to am matter of who is more ideologically driven. To me, there is little more ideological than the assertion that one’s point of view is correct because of one’s religion. Perhaps I am not understanding the distinction you are making between ideology and principles.
With regard to this particular case, I consider my opinion based solely on principle.
The principle involved is whether or not our system of laws is just. If what is truly of importance is guilt or innocence, and if there is a suggestion that some of the evidence presented at trial was tainted,
would it not be a matter or justice to allow enough time for the consideration of that evidence ? This question is independent of the party affiliation of the governor. I am adamantly opposed to the death penalty as a matter of principle and have been equally as disapproving of Democratic as Republican supporters.
And how is it that you have such knowledge of the inner workings of the minds of liberals that you can predict what they would do in any. circumstance? I firmly believe, as I have stated before, that ideas and actions should be judged on their own merit, not on the identity of the author. It would seem to me that you do not agree with this, but rather judge ideas by who is advocating them. If I am wrong on this, please clarify.
There was evidence at the time emerging that there may have been no arson, they needed to be sure, they were not. All that is happening now is the effort to figure out what went wrong and now you have a politician (Perry) attempting to influence and stop the commission from issue findings. This is very serious.
Biddlin: This seems unusually blatant in a case that appears to be fairly clear cut. I’m always amazed as to how much reluctance there is to re-examine cases based on significant new evidence – and this is overwhelming evidence – five independent analyses by industry experts all agree. The other part of this are the efforts it appears by Perry and his people to suppress these findings.
“The other part of this are the efforts it appears by Perry and his people to suppress these findings. ” Which nationally prominent politician wouldn’t have ? I appreciate your outrage, but directing it at Perry is like shooting a Wookie with a dart ! The issue is vastly larger . It is a part of our history and folklore . There is a significant portion of the population willing to ” kill them all and let God sort them out .” It seems odd that they profess belief in His existence but don’t fear His judgment , but they are so entitled .
I’m really not singling out Perry on this, it only happens that he is the one involved in this execution, it could have just as easily been Kasich in Ohio or some other governor involved in a problematic execution.